1. Cannabinoid Profile

The cannabinoid profile is the cornerstone of any COA, providing details on the major and minor cannabinoids present in the product.

• THC and CBD Potency: This section shows the concentration levels of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), the two most well-known cannabinoids. Concentrations are typically expressed as:
  • Percentages for flower products (e.g., 20% THC means 200mg per gram).
  • Milligrams for edibles and concentrates.
  • THC/THCA are primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects.
  • CBD provides therapeutic benefits without significant psychoactivity.
• Other Cannabinoids: Look for additional cannabinoids such as CBG (cannabigerol), CBN (cannabinol), and THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin). Though present in smaller amounts, these compounds can influence the overall effects of cannabis, a phenomenon referred to as the entourage effect.

Note: Total THC on a lab testing result refers to the maximum potential amount of THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) available in a cannabis product after it has been decarboxylated (heated or aged to convert THCA into psychoactive THC). Formula to Calculate Total THC:

Total THC=(THCA×0.877)+Δ9-THC

0.877 is the molecular weight conversion factor, which accounts for the loss of the carboxyl group (CO₂) during decarboxylation. This formula provides a realistic estimate of the psychoactive potential of a cannabis product when it’s used (e.g., smoked or vaporized), which is essential for dosing, labeling, and regulatory compliance.

Key takeaway: A balanced cannabinoid profile can help you find the product that matches your needs—whether you’re seeking high-THC effects, CBD wellness benefits, or a balanced experience.

2. Terpene Profiles

Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis that influence its smell, taste, and effects. Some COAs will include a breakdown of the terpene profile to show the dominant terpenes and their concentrations.

• Common Terpenes:
  • Myrcene: Promotes relaxation and sedation (found in indica strains).
  • Limonene: Uplifting, with a citrus aroma (found in sativa strains).
  • Caryophyllene: Offers anti-inflammatory benefits and a spicy, peppery scent.
  • Pinene: Known for alertness and anti-inflammatory properties.

Understanding terpenes can help you choose a product based on desired effects (e.g., relaxation vs. energy) or flavor preferences.

Key takeaway: A detailed terpene profile enhances your ability to pick cannabis products tailored to your sensory and therapeutic needs.

3. Contaminants Testing

Safety is one of the most critical aspects of cannabis consumption. The contaminants section ensures the product has been tested for harmful substances.

• Pesticides: Tests for chemical residues. Safe COAs will display “ND” (Not Detected) next to each pesticide tested.
• Heavy Metals: Cannabis plants are bioaccumulators, meaning they absorb metals from soil and water. Results for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury should indicate levels below safety thresholds.
• Microbial Contaminants: This checks for harmful bacteria, mold, and yeast, including E. coli and Salmonella. A clean COA will report absence or low levels within regulated limits.
• Residual Solvents: Important for extracts and concentrates, this test ensures there are no leftover solvents like butane or ethanol used in the extraction process.

Key takeaway: Always verify that contaminants are either Not Detected or fall within safe consumption levels.

4. Product Batch Information

The batch information ensures traceability and verifies that the COA corresponds to the specific product you’re purchasing. Look for:

• Product name
• Batch or lot number
• Testing date

This data helps you confirm the product’s identity and freshness.

Key takeaway: Cross-check the batch number on the COA with the product packaging to ensure authenticity.

5. Laboratory Information

A reliable COA comes from a legitimate, accredited laboratory that follows standardized testing procedures. Verify the following:

• Laboratory Name: The COA should clearly display the lab’s name and contact information.
• Accreditation Details: Look for ISO/IEC 17025 certification or other state-specific accreditations that ensure quality and accuracy.
• Lab Signature or Seal: Some COAs include a signature or certification stamp to validate authenticity.

Key takeaway: Reputable labs ensure unbiased, accurate results you can trust.

Tips for Reading a COA

1. Verify Authenticity: Ensure the COA is directly linked to the product. Scan for:
   • A QR code or
   • A batch number that matches the product packaging.
2. Understand Limits: Research the acceptable levels of contaminants in your jurisdiction, as regulations can vary by state.
3. Ask Questions: Don’t hesitate to ask dispensary staff for help interpreting a COA. A reputable dispensary should be transparent and knowledgeable.

Cannabis Testing 

For at-home testing options, it is possible to test your cannabis for potency with our Cannabis QTest Kit. This single-use test kit separately determines the percentage of both THC and CBD in your cannabis material, extracts, and vape pens. It is also possible to use it with THCA in flower, bud, extract, and vape form.

We also offer potency testing for cannabis through our mail-in lab service, Transparency Testing. Our Basic Purity Analysis analysis will report the amount of THC, CBD, moisture, and water activity in your sample. Currently, we do not test for terpenes, heavy metals, etc, but we are hoping to offer full cannabinoid and terpene analysis in the near future.